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Hypothesis testing

KS5 · 40 minutes · Run and interpret a significance test.

Visual learning map for Hypothesis testing: observe, try, then explain. Run and interpret a significance test.
Visual learning map for Hypothesis testing: observe, try, then explain. Run and interpret a significance test.

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Our learning goal

Run and interpret a significance test.

Your turn: Choose one thing you would like to understand by the end.

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Full teaching script
  1. Today: Hypothesis testing. Our goal: Run and interpret a significance test.
  2. Take one idea at a time. Pause after each sentence; ask for repetition whenever you need it.
  3. You never prove a claim; you test how surprising your data would be if nothing were happening. That 'nothing happening' is the null hypothesis. You compute a test statistic, then a p-value: the probability of data at least this extreme under the null. Below your chosen significance level (often 5%) you reject the null. p is not the probability the null is true, and 'not significant' is not proof of no effect — it may just be a small sample. Always report effect size and confidence interval alongside it.
  4. Together: choose one example from the explanation and show how it works. What do you notice?
  5. Your turn: Test whether a coin flipped 100 times giving 61 heads is fair, at 5%.
  6. Reflect: what made sense, and what would you like explained differently?
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